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1 σῐδηρος
σῐ́δηροςGrammatical information: m. (f. Nic. Th. 923)Meaning: `iron, steel', also `iron tool, sword, iron weapon etc.', metaph. `(iron) toughness' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -ᾱρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σιδηρό-φρων `iron-minded' (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα f. `hunting spear' (Gortyn, Sagalassos; Zingerle Glotta 19, 80ff.), ὁλο-σίδηρος `made completely of iron' (Attika, Delos a. o.).Derivatives: (Dor. forms not esp. indicated): Subst. 1. σιδήρ-ιον n. `iron tool' (IA., Cret.); 2. - ίσκος m. des. of a medic. instrument (Crete V--IVa; as ὀβελίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Form. 408); 3. - εῖα, - εῖον n. `iron mine' (Arist., Delos etc.); 4. - εύς m. `iron smith' (X. a.o.; Bosshardt 56); 5. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. `made of iron, iron' (Pi., Eup. a. o.), also name of a stone (Plin., Orph. a.o.) and several plants, "vervain" (J., Dsc. a. o.; as healing wounds by stabbing, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 89, Redard 61, 76 etc. [s. index]). Adj. 6. - ε(ι)ος, - οῦς, - ιος `iron' (Il.); 7. - ήεις `id.' (Nic.), - όεις (EM), - εόεις (Ep. Alex. Adesp.); 8. - ώδης `id.' (sch.). Verbs; 9. - όομαι, - όω `to be provided with i.' (Th., inscr. etc.) with - ωσις f. `ironwork' (Att. inscr. a. o.), - ώματα n. pl. `iron mountings' (pap. Vp), - ωτός `to stud with i.' ( Edict. Diocl.); 10. - εύω `to work with i., to forge' (Poll.) with - εία f. `ironwork' (X.); 11. - ίζω `to resemble i., to contain i.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. As iron and use of it reached the Greeks prob. from Asia Minor, the Pontus and Caucasus area, the word prob. came the same way. The similarity with Caucas. (Udian) zido `iron' is therefore perh. not accidental; it is also possible that zido was a loan from σίδηρος. -- The old connection with Lat. sīdus `constellation' (Pott) A. W. Persson tried (s. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 64) to give a new foundation assuming, that σίδηρος orig. referred to meteoric iron. Still diff. Deroy Ant. class. 31, 98 ff. (with further very bold combinations): prop. "the red metall" and with σίδη `pomegranate' from pregr. * sida `red'. Crepajac too KZ 80, 249ff. believes in connection with σίδη, but as Illyr. LW [loanword] (IE *su̯eid- 'gleam, be red'). -- Further lit. on σίδηρος and to the other IE words for `iron' in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 234ff. -- Furnée 105 n. connects Udian zido and thinks the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,703-704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῐδηρος
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2 σίδηρος
σίδηρος [pron. full] [ῐ], [dialect] Dor. [full] σίδᾱρος IG42(1).102.61 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.: ὁ; also ἡ, Nic.Th. 923: neut. [full] σίδηρον, τό, Sch.D Il.4.151, v.l. in Hdt.7.65 and Daimachus 4J. (but prob.A f.l. for σιδήριον in Gal.19.72, cf. Hsch. s.v. Ἀκίς): pl.σίδηρα Aret.SD2.12
, EM26.36, Tz. (v. infr.): — iron,σ. πολιός Il.9.366
, Od.24.168;ἰόεις Il.23.850
; ;αἴθων Il.4.485
, al.;πολύκμητος 6.48
, al., cf. Od.9.393; as an article of traffic,οἰνίζοντο.. Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δ' αἴθωνι σ. Il.7.473
;πλέων.. μετὰ χαλκόν· ἄγω δ' αἴθωνα σίδηρον Od.1.184
; χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σ., of treasures, Il.11.133, al.; as a prize, 23.261, 850; Σκύθης σ., because brought from the Euxine, A. Th. 818; ὁ πόντιος ξεῖνος.. θηκτὸς σ. ib. 942 (lyr.).2 freq. as a symbol of hardness (cf.σιδήρεος 1.2
), or of stubborn force, Il.20.372, Od.19.494; ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ ς. ib. 211;οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σ. Il.4.510
;ἐκ σ. κεχάλκευται.. καρδίαν Pi.Fr.123.4
, cf. S. Fr. 658;ἦσθα πέτρος ἢ σ. E.Med. 1279
(lyr.), cf. Pl.Lg. 666c; also of firmness, steadfastness, πέτρης ὅ γ' ἔχων νόον ἠὲ ς. Mosch.4.44, cf. Ach.Tat.5.22.II anything made of iron, iron tool or implement, for husbandry, Il.4.485, cf. 23.834: also of weapons, arrow-head, 4.123; sword or knife, 18.34, 23.30;αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σ. Od. 16.294
, cf. E.Or. 966 (lyr.); axe-head, Od.19.587: generally, arms,οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι σ. κατέθεντο Th.1.6
; (Galatia, i B.C.): also, knife, sickle, Hes.Op. 387: pl., fishing-hooks, Theoc.21.49; irons, fetters, Aret.SD2.12, Tz.H.13.302; cf. σιδήριον.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σίδηρος
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3 σίδηρος
-ου + ὁ N 2 7-22-9-26-10=74 Gn 4,22; Nm 31,22; 35,16; Dt 8,9; 20,19τέκτων σιδήρου smith 1 Sm 13,19 -
4 ὄρυξ
A pickaxe or any sharp iron tool for digging, AP6.297 (Phan.).II a kind of gazelle or antelope, in Egypt and Libya, so called from its pointed horns, beisa, Oryx leucoryx, described as μονόκερως, Arist.HA 499b20, PA 663a23, cf. Callix. 2, LXX De.14.5, Ph.2.353, Plu.2.974f, Opp.C.2.446, 4.34, Ael.NA7.8.2 ὄ. τετράκερως Indian four-horned antelope, Tetraceros quadricornis, ib.15.14 ; also an Indian gazelle, ib.13.25.III a great fish, perh. narwhal, Monodon monoceros, or a kind of whale, Str.3.2.7. -
5 σιδήριον
A implement or tool of iron, IG12.313.128 (v B.C.); θερμοῖσι σ. ἐκκαίειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς with hot irons, Hdt.7.18; ἐπαΐοντες σιδηρίων feeling iron, not being proof against it, Id.3.29; of a knife, Id.9.37, cf. Lys.1.42;σ. εἰς κρεονομίαν PCair.Zen.720.3
(iii B.C.); σ. λιθουργά, of a stonemason's tools, Th.4.4, cf. Thphr.Lap.41;σιδηρίων μισθός IG22.1656
;λίθους καὶ ξύλα καὶ σ. Pl.Euthd. 300b
;σ. πλατέα Arist. Cael. 313a17
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σιδήριον
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6 βαφή
βᾰφ-ή, ἡ,A dipping of red-hot iron in water, S.Aj. 651: hence, temper or edge of a blade or tool produced thereby,τὴν β. ἀφιᾶσιν ὥσπερ ὁ σίδηρος εἰρήνην ἄγοντες Arist.Pol. 1334a8
, cf. Plu.Alex. 32, Pyrrh.24; τὰ σιδήρια τὴν β. ἀνίησι lose their edge, Thphr.HP5.3.3, cf. CP1.22.6; χαλκοῦ βαφαί prob. poet. for σιδήρου β. in A.Ag. 612 (v. Sch. ad loc., but cf. βάψις): metaph., temper,τῆς ἀνδρείας οἷον β. τις ὁ θυμός ἐστι καὶ στόμωμα Plu.2.988d
; of wine, ib.650b.II dye, Thphr.HP4.6.5;πορφυρᾶ β. A.Pers. 317
(metaph. of blood), cf. Pl.R. 430a; κρόκου βαφάς the saffron-dyed robe, A.Ag. 239 (lyr.); βαφαὶ ὕδρας the arrows dipped in the hydra's blood, E.HF 1188 (lyr.);χειλέων β. Philostr.Ep.22
: metaph.,β. τυραννίδος Plu.2.779c
.2 gilding, silvering, αἱ δύο β. Zos.Alch.p.168B., cf. p.208B.IV infection, Aret.CD2.13. -
7 προσβολή
A application, e.g. of the touchstone, A. Ag. 391 (lyr., pl.); ἡ τῆς σικύας π. Arist.Rh. 1405b3;ἡ π. τῶν ὀμμάτων πρός τι Pl.Tht. 153e
; φίλιαι π. προσώπων, of kisses, E.Supp. 1138 (lyr.): abs., kiss, embrace, Id.Med. 1074; τῆς γλώττης προσβολαί, opp. συμβολαὶ τῶν χειλῶν, Arist.PA 660a6; ἄνευ προσβολῆς (sc. τῆς γλώττης ) pronounced without applying the tongue to the teeth, etc., Id.Po. 1456b26: metaph.,π. τῆς φαντασίας Stoic.2.33
: abs., of an act of intuition, Porph.Sent.43, Plot.2.9.1, 3.8.10, al.2 in an auction, document recording the knocking down of a lot to a purchaser, PEleph.23.17 (iii B.C.), PTeb.814.28 (iii B.C.).II (from intr. sense) falling upon, attack, assault (expld. by Hsch. as τῶν ἀθλητῶν ἡ συναφὴ καὶ κατοχή), π. Ἀχαιίς A.Th.28
;προσβολὴν ποιέεσθαι πέριξ τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.3.158
: pl., Id.4.128, Th.2.4, 5.61, X.HG 1.3.14, etc.; ;προσβολῆς γινομένης πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.6.101
;τὰς π. ἀποκρούεσθαι Id.4.200
;προσβολαὶ ἱππέων Th.3.1
, cf. X.An.3.4.2; π. sudden attacks, opp. ξυσταδὸν μάχαι, Th.7.81; ἐκ προσβολῆς at the first assault, Philostr.Her.19.3; ἀντιφραττόμενοι ταῖς π. SIG780.19 (Epist.Augusti, i B.C.).2 generally, attack, visitation,προσβολαὶ Ἐρινύων A.Ch. 283
;μιασμάτοιν Id.Eu. 600
; (with allusion to the stench striking one's nose, cf.προσβάλλω 1.3
);προσβολαὶ κακαί E.El. 829
;ἐκ θεοῦ προσβολῆς ἐμηνάμην Id.Cret.9
;π. θεῖαι Antipho 3.3.8
;πυρὸς ἢ χειμῶνος προσβολῇ Pl.Lg. 865b
; attack, fit of disease, Dsc. 5.113;π. δεισιδαιμονίας Plu.2.43d
: but, beat of pulse, Ruf.Syn.Puls. 7.5.3 without hostile sense, impact of sound, βραδεῖα μὲν γὰρ ἐν λόγοισι π. μόλις δι' ὠτὸς ἔρχεται ῥυπωμένου, i.e. impressions through an old man's ears are slow, S.Fr. 858; contact,π. καὶ ἐπαφή Stoic.2.123
;τοῦ ἡλίου αἱ π. αἱ πρῶται Ael.NA14.23
.4 means of approaching, approach,παρέχειν π. καὶ ἐπαφήν Pl.Sph. 246a
; προσβολὰς ἀφράστους ἔχειν, of a place, Plu.Caes.53; π. ἔχειν τῆς Σικελίας to afford a means of entering Sicily, Th.4.1; ἡ τοῦ στομάχου π. Arist.HA 507b3; οὔσης.. τραχείας τῆς π. Plb.3.51.4; of ships, landing-place, harbour, place to touch at, ὁλκάδων π. Th.4.53; of a place, ἐν προσβολῇ εἶναι τῆς Σικελίας to be a port of call on the voyage to Sicily, Id.6.48; meeting-point, Pl.Ti. 36c.5 Rhet., in pl., approaches to a subject, ject, Philostr.VS1.9.1.III (from [voice] Pass.) that which is put upon a weapon or tool, iron point, D.C.38.49 (pl.), Phryn.PSp.100 B. (nisi leg. προβολή).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσβολή
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8 χαρακτήρ
4 branding-iron, Clara Rhodos 2.171 (ii B. C.).II mark engraved, impress, stamp on coins and seals,ἀργύρου λαμπρὸς χ. E.El. 559
, cf. Pl.Plt. 289b, Arist. Pol. 1257a40; coin type, standard,ἦν δ' ὁ ἀρχαῖος χ. δίδραχμον Id.Ath.10.2
, cf. OGI339.45 (Sestos, ii B. C.), D.S.17.66; Κότυος χ. Head Hist.Num.2285 (Thrace, i B. C.): hence, in pl., = χάραγμα 1.2, PFlor.61.21 (i A. D.): metaph., οἷς ἡ ἀρετὴ εὐδοξίας χαρακτῆρα τοῖς ἔργοις ἐπέβαλεν set a stamp upon them, Isoc.1.8; Κύπριος (s. v. l.)χαρακτὴρ.. ἐν γυναικείοις τύποις εἰκὼς πέπληκται A.Supp. 282
.2 esp. of figures or letters,οἱ τῶν γραμμάτων χ. Plu.2.214f
; ὁ τύπος τῶν χ. ib.577f, cf. 1120f, D.S.3.67; of the letters used by Hp. in Epid.3.1, Zeno and Apollonius ap.Gal.17(1).618, cf. 524sq.; of a single letter of the alphabet, Jul.Or.2.72a;ξυλήφια βραχέα ἔχοντα χαρακτῆρα Plb.6.35.7
; brand on a camel, PGen.29.8 (ii A. D.); of symbols in a prescription, Gal.13.995; of magical symbols (such as the seven vowels),τῶν χ. ἡ ἀπόρρητος φύσις Jul.Or.7.216c
, cf. Iamb.Myst.3.13, Sallust.15; of hieroglyphs, opp. γράμματα, Luc. Herm.44.3 metaph., distinctive mark or token impressed (as it were) on a person or thing, by which it is known from others, characteristic, character, χ. γλώσσης, of a particular dialect, Hdt.1.57, 142;χ. αὑτὸς ἐν γλώσσῃ S.Fr. 176
; ; ὁ Ἑλληνικὸς χ. Greek idiom, D.H.Pomp.3: freq. of persons, feature,ὁ χ. τοῦ προσώπου Hdt.1.116
; ;οἱ τῆς ὄψεως χ. D.S.1.91
;ἀνδρῶν οὐδεὶς χ. ἐμπέφυκε σώματι E.Med. 519
;δεινὸς χ. κἀπίσημος.. ἐσθλῶν γενέσθαι Id.Hec. 379
;φανερὸς χ. ἀρετᾶς Id.HF 659
(lyr.); ἠθικοὶ χ., title of work by Thphr.: pl., οἱ χ. the features of the face, J.AJ13.12.1, cf. OGI508.13 (Ephesus, ii A. D.); χ. μορφῆς ἐμῆς ib.383.60 (Nemrud Dagh, i B. C., sg.); [ τοῦ ἐμβρύου] Sor.1.33 (pl.): hence,4 type or character (regarded as shared with others) of a thing or person, rarely of an individual nature,ἀνδρὸς χ. ἐκ λόγου γνωρίζεται Men.72
;χ. μοχθηρότατον παραπλάττεσθαι Phld.Rh.1.6
S.;τὸν χ. τὸν Διογένους Arr.Epict.3.22.80
; τίνα ἔχει χ. τὰ δόγματα; ib.4.5.17; of nations, Plb.18.34.7.5 style, freq. in Rhet.,ὁ Δημοσθένους χ. D.H.Dem.9
, cf. Pomp.1, Cic.QF2.15(16).5;χ. δικανικός Phld.Rh.2.137S.
; χ. optimi the ideal type, Cic.Orat. 11.36, cf.39.134;χ. ἰσχνός, μεγαλοπρεπής, γλαφυρός, δεινός Demetr. Eloc.36
, cf. D.H.Dem.33;χ. λέξεως Id.Lys.11
;χ. Ἀσιανός Str.13.1.66
.6 impress, image, τῆς ὑποστάσεως [τοῦ θεοῦ] Ep.Heb.1.3; πάθους, ἀρετῆς, Longin.22.1, Eun.Hist.p.243 D.: abs., οἱ Σεβάστειοι χ. the imperial seal, i.e. the emperor himself, IG5(2).268.24 (Mantinea, i B. C.).7 Gramm., typical form, A.D.Synt.20.10, 103.23.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαρακτήρ
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